Low-Frequency Flowfield
Unsteadiness During Airfoil Stall and the Influence of Stall Type
Andy P. Broeren and Michael B. Bragg.
University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
ABSTRACT
The flow past stalled airfoils is generally unsteady and can result
in large force fluctuations. This paper addresses the relationship between
airfoil stall type and the level of large-scale unsteady flow at stall. A
total of 12 airfoils, encompassing different stalling characteristics were
tested over a large angle of attack range at a Reynolds number of 300,000.
Time-dependent lift data, wake hot-film data and flow visualization data were
acquired. The time-dependent lift data were low-pass filtered with a 20 Hz
cut-off to remove unwanted contributions to the fluctuating lift (Cl,rms) from
model and lift-balance resonances. The results show that airfoils having trailing-edge
stall experience minimal lift fluctuations at stall (Cl,rms < 0.04). The
fluctuating lift for leading-edge stall airfoils increases sharply (to Cl,rms
~ 0.04) with the abrupt loss of lift associated with this stall type. For
thin-airfoil stall types, the fluctuating lift gradually increases to high
levels (0.04 < C,rms < 0.08) as maximum lift is attained. Finally,
for airfoils having a combination of thin-airfoil and trailing-edge stall
the lift fluctuations at maximum mean lift were very high (Cl,nns > 0.08).
The fluctuating lift spectra for the latter two stall types contained distinct
low-frequency peaks, indicating the large-scale unsteadiness associated with
these stall types.