Experimental Validation of the Hybrid Airfoil Design
Procedure for Full-Scale Ice Accretion Simulation
Farooq Saeed, Michael S. Selig, and Michael B. Bragg
University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
and
Harold E. Addy
NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135
ABSTRACT
This paper presents results from the first series of ice accretion
tests performed to validate the hybrid airfoil design method of Saeed, et
al. The hybrid airfoil design method was developed to facilitate the design
of hybrid or subscale airfoils with full-scale leading edges and redesigned
aft-sections that exhibit full-scale airfoil water droplet impingement characteristics
throughout a given angle-of-attack range (alpha-range). The formulation is
based on the assumption that the leading-edge ice accretion will be the same
between the full-scale and hybrid airfoils if droplet cloud properties, droplet
impingement, local leading-edge flowfield, model surface geometry, model
surface quality, and model surface thermodynamic characteristics are the
same. Thus, if ice accretion simulation could be predicted in terms of the
droplet impingement characteristics alone, a myriad of issues related to
ice accretion scaling could be avoided for tests where leading-edge ice accretion
is desired. Hence, the method was used to design a 2-D half-scale hybrid
airfoil, with a 20% plain-flap and a 5% upper and 20% lower leading-edge
surface of an a scaled down model of a modern business jet wing section,
that simulates droplet impingement characteristics of the scaled business
jet airfoil, on- and off-design. The 2-D scaled business jet airfoil model
and its half-scale hybrid airfoil model were then subjected to icing tests
in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel (IRT). The design as well as the
icing test conditions selected for the tests were representative of the conditions
the business jet wing section would experience in flight. This paper presents
a comparison between the actual ice shapes that formed on the scaled business
jet and hybrid airfoil models during the tests. A comparison between the actual
ice shapes and those predicted by LEWICE 1.6 under similar conditions is
also shown. The results from the initial series of validation tests are encouraging
enough to suggest that the method has great application potential.